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Turkey - General Information

Title Description Country Profile (More inside) The lands of Turkey are located at a point where the three continents making up the old world. Asia, Africa and ... Area (More inside) The actual area of Turkey inclusive of its lakes, is 814,578 square kilometres, of which 790,200 are in Asia and 24,378 ar... Boundaries (More inside) The land borders of Turkey are 2,573 kilometres in total, and coastlines (including islands) are another 8,333 kilometres.... Geographical Regions (More inside) Turkey is generally divided into seven regions: the Black Sea region, the Marmara region, the Aegean, the Mediterranean, C... Coastlines (More inside) Turkey is surrounded by sea on three sides, by the Black Sea in the north, the Mediterranean in the south and the Aegean S... Rivers (More inside) Most of the rivers of Turkey flow into the seas surrounding the country. The Firat (Euphrates) and Dicle (Tigris... Lakes (More inside) In terms of numbers of lakes, the Eastern Anatolian region is the richest. It contains Turkey's largest, Lake Van... The Climate (More inside) Although Turkey is situated in a geographical location where climatic conditions are quite temperate, the diverse nature o... HISTORY Paleolithic Age ( 2 Million - 8000 BC ) (More inside) Also known to be the old stone age, begins somewhere between 2 million years ago and ends 10.000 years before our time. Neolithic Age ( 8000 BC - 5000 BC ) (More inside) This period reveals a new step in the history of mankind with the development of the established and settled societies and... Chalcholithic Age ( Copper Age 5500-3000 BC ) (More inside) In this period, in addition to stone tools copper pieces also come into sight. The need to change valuable goods (ceramics... Bronze Age ( 3000 - 1200 BC ) (More inside) The Bronze period begins around 3000 in Anatolia, around 2500 in the Aegean and Crete, around 2000 in Europe. Br... HISTORY OF TURKS The Huns (More inside) The first Turkish tribe that is mentioned in history is the Huns. Clear records about the Huns made their appear... The Gokturks (More inside) Founded in 552 AD by Bumin Khan, the Gokturks engaged in widespread diplomatic activity. The famed Orhun epitaph... The Uygurs (More inside) The rule of the Gokturks was brought to an end in the year 745 by the Uygurs, who were of the same ethnic stock as themsel... The Karahans (More inside) The Karahans ruled between 990-1212 in Turkistan and Maveraunnehir. The reign of the Karahans is especially sign... The Ghaznavids (More inside) The Ghaznavi state was formed in the year 963 by the Turkish ruler Sevuktekin and is one of the first Moslem Turkish state... The Selcuks (More inside) The Oguz, who destroyed the Ghaznavid state, succeeded in bringing Anatolia, Iraq, the southern part of the Caucasus, Azer... The Beyliks (More inside) Political unity in Anatolia was disrupted from the time of the collapse of the Anatolia Selcuk State at the beginning of t... The Ottomans (More inside) The Ottoman Principality was founded by a Turkoman tribe living on the Turkish-Byzantine border. The geographic ... SNAPSHOT OF TURKISH HISTORY The First World War (More inside) The Ottomans joined the First World War in 1914 as a result of fait accompli. During the war, the empire suffere... Efforts to Disintegrate the Empire (More inside) The Ottoman Empire collapsed on October 30, 1918, when the Mondros Armistice was signed, after the Ottoman state and its a... Subversive Organizations (More inside) Shortly after the Mondros Treaty, many organizations and societies appeared which were against national independence. ... The National War (More inside) Throughout its history, the Turkish nation had not faced such difficult conditions. Between the years 1911 and 1... Erzurum and Sivas Congresses (More inside) After the occupation of Izmir by the Greeks, on May 16, 1919, General Mustafa Kemal was sent to Anatolia as the 9th Army I... National Pact (More inside) The Ottoman Parliament met in Istanbul on January 12, 1920, under the majority of the members of the "Defence of Rights". ... The Turkish Grand National Assembly (More inside) With the meeting of the Grand National Assembly in Ankara on April 23, 1920, the national struggle became more significant... First and Second Battle of Inonu (More inside) On January 6, 1921, the enemy began to advance from Bursa and Usak to Eskisehir and Afyon but were defeated at the First B... The Battle of the Commander-in-Chief (More inside) In the period of preparation to drive out the enemy from Anatolia, there were some people in the Assembly who still tried ... Proclamation of the Republic and the Reforms (More inside) The National Struggle started when Mustafa Kemal Pasha landed in Samsun May 19, 1919; and a new Turkish State was establis... Source Turkey Yearbook 1983 / Prime Ministry Directorate General of Press and Information

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